Learning English - Usage TO BE "is, am and are" 

Every sentence in English consists of: Basic Sentences (Subject) and Descriptive Sentences (predicate). Information can be either a noun phrase (Noun), says Nature (adjective / adj.) And said Specification (adverb / adv., Either adverb or adverb of time). 

Examples in Indonesian: 

Neztra menulis. 

Neztra here is the subject and 'tulis' is the predicate. 

Usage To Be placed after the subject or before the predicate, and function of To Be yourself is as clueless. 

Subject in the English language can be divided into:

ENGLISH	INDONESIA	EXPLANATION
I	Saya	Orang pertama tunggal
You	Kamu	Orang kedua tunggal / jamak
We	Kami / Kita	Orang pertama jamak
They	Mereka	Orang ketiga jamak
She	Dia (Perempuan)	Orang ketiga tunggal
He	Dia (Laki-laki)	Orang ketiga tunggal
It	sesuatu	Orang ketiga tunggal

Example Usage in Sentence To Be Positive 

The pattern of positive sentence is:

Subject + To Be + Predicate ( Adj. / Noun /Adv.)

To Be in English consists of: "am, is, are". Usage To Be for each subject can be divided into:

SUBJECT	TO BE	PREDICATE
I	Am	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
You	Are	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
We	Are	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
They	Are	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
He	Is	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
She	Is	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
It	Is	Adj. / Noun / Adv.

 

ENGLISH	EXPLANATION	INDONESIA
I am hungry	I = Subject Am = To Be Hungry = Predicate (adj.)	Saya lapar
You are student	You = Subject Are = To Be Student = Predicate (Noun)	Kamu adalah seorang murid
She is in the class now	She = Subject Is = To Be In the class = Predicate (adv. Of place) Now = (adv. Of time)	Dia sedang di kelas sekarang
He is in the library	He = Subject Is = To Be In the library = Predicate (adv. Of place)	Dia sedang di perpustakaan

Examples of the use of the phrase To Be Negative 

To make a negative sentence we just need to add "not" after the "To Be". 

The pattern of negative sentences:

Subject + To Be + Not +Predicate ( Adj. /Noun /Adv. )

 

SUBJECT	TO BE	PREDICATE
I	Am + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
You	Are + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
We	Are + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
They	Are + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
He	Is + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
She	Is + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
It	Is + not	Adj. / Noun / Adv.

 

ENGLISH	EXPLANATION	INDONESIA
I am not hungry	I = Subject Am = To Be Hungry = Predicate (adj.)	Saya tidak lapar
You are not a student	You = Subject Are = To Be Student = Predicate (Noun)	Kamu bukan seorang murid
She is not in the classnow	She = Subject Is = To Be In the class = Predicate (adv. Of place) Now = (adv. Of time)	Dia tidak di kelas sekarang
He is not in the library	He = Subject Is = To Be In the library = Predicate (adv. Of place)	Dia tidak di perpustakaan

Example usage To Be the interrogative sentence 

Interrogative sentence is a sentence in a question form. To make the sentence interrogativekita just "move to the beginning of the sentence To Be". 

Interrogative sentence patterns:

To Be + Subject + Predicate ( Adj. / Noun / Adv. )

 

TO BE	SUBJECT	PREDICATE
Am	I	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
Are	You	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
Are	We	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
Are	They	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
Is	He	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
Is	She	Adj. / Noun / Adv.
Is	It	Adj. / Noun / Adv.

 

ENGLISH	EXPLANATION	INDONESIA
Am  I hungry?	I = Subject Am = To Be Hungry = Predicate (adj.)	Apakah saya lapar?
Are  you a student?	You = Subject Are = To Be Student = Predicate (Noun)	Apakah kamu seorang murid?
Is She in the classnow?	She = Subject Is = To Be In the class = Predicate (adv. Of place) Now = (adv. Of time)	Apakah dia di kelas sekarang?
Is He in the library?	He = Subject Is = To Be In the library = Predicate (adv. Of place)	Apakah dia di perpustakaan?

Note: 

Sentences Questions / interrogative always answered with "Yes or No". sentence answers can be short answer or can also be a complete sentence.

Example :

QUESTION	ANSWER	INDONESIA
Is Neztra clever?	Yes, He is. atau Yes, He is clever. No, He is Not. Atau No, He is not clever.	Apakah Neztra Pintar ? Ya, Dia pintar Tidak, Dia tidak pintar
Are you a student?	Yes, I am. Atau Yes, I am a student. No, I am not a student. Atau No, I am not a student.	Apakah kamu seorang murid? Ya, saya seorang murid. Tidak, saya bukan seorang murid.

 

In positive sentences To Be: is, am and are writing can be shortened by adding an apostrophe (') in the Subject with To Be.

ENGLISH	TO BE SHORTENED	INDONESIA
I am hungry	I’m hungry	Saya lapar
You are student	You’re student	Kamu adalah seorang murid
She is in the class now	She’s in the class now	Dia sedang di kelas sekarang
He is in the library	He’s in the library	Dia sedang di perpustakaan

 

However, if the To Be is in the end of the sentence , To Be should not be abbreviated .

example :

Yes, it is .

Yes , you are .

Yes , I am .

The use of " Not " in a negative sentence can also be shortened by To Be : " is and are " . but its use only for conversation or informal writing ( not official ) , eg letters to friends or relatives .

example :

He is not smart .

He is not smart .

He was not smart .

They are not in the class now .

They are not in the class now .

They were not in class today .

Examples in Conversation :

conversation I

       Neztra : I am Neztra . Are you Joe ?

       Joe : Yes , I am . How are you ?

       Neztra : fine , thanks . Are you well this morning ?

      Joe : Yes , I am .

       Neztra : Armin is well ?

      Joe : No , she is not . Armin is not well this morning . She is sick .

conversation II

        Neztra : Hello . I'm Neztra Joe .

        Armin : Hello , Neztra . I'm Armin .

        Neztra : are you a teacher , Armin ?

        Armin : No , I'm not a teacher . I'm a student .

        Neztra : really ? Are you a student ?

        Armin : Yes , I'm . you are a student , are not you ?

        Neztra : Yes . Who is that man over there ?

        Armin : I do not know who he is .

        Neztra : is she a teacher or a student ?

        Armin : I honestly do not know . maybe he is a teacher , and maybe he is a student .

        Neztra : it is time to begin the study now , Armin . Good bye ...

        Armin : good bye , Neztra . See you later ...

conversation III

        Neztra : Whose bag is this ? It is your ?

        Joe : Yes , it's mine . Where is your bag ?

        Neztra : here it is . Now let 's begin .

        Joe : good . Let 's study lesson two .

        Neztra : where is Mrs. Armin ? This is her briefcase .

        Joe : Mrs . Armin is not here .

        Neztra : Whose book is this ? Is it your ?

        Joe : No , it is not mine .

        Neztra : this is not your dictionary ?

        Joe : Yes, it is .

        Neztra : this is not your pen , is it?

        Joe : No , it is not mine .